What navigation system is primarily used for commercial aviation flights?

The VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) navigation system is primarily used for commercial aviation flights due to its reliability, accuracy, and widespread availability. VOR stations provide aircraft with directional information and distance measuring capabilities, which are critical for maintaining safe and efficient navigation, especially in busy air traffic environments.

VOR operates using ground-based radio signals, making it a robust choice for navigational aids. Pilots can use it to determine their bearing relative to the station and navigate effectively along predefined airways, which are particularly important for structured air traffic control systems. The distance measuring component, often combined with VOR systems (known as VORTAC), helps provide additional information, allowing pilots to determine their position more accurately.

In contrast, other navigation systems listed may not be as commonly relied upon for commercial aviation on a day-to-day basis. LORAN, for instance, has been largely phased out in favor of more modern systems. SATCOM is used mainly for communication rather than navigation, while HF Radio can be used over long distances but does not offer the same level of precision and operational efficiency as VOR for routine navigation in controlled airspace.