What factors determine the strength of wake turbulence?

The strength of wake turbulence is primarily influenced by the wing shape, speed, and weight of the airplane.

Wing shape plays a crucial role because different designs generate varying patterns of airflow and vortex formation as the aircraft moves through the air. For example, large, swept-back wings typically create more pronounced vortices compared to smaller or more straight-edged wings.

Speed is another significant factor. An aircraft traveling at a higher speed generates greater lift, which in turn can lead to stronger wake turbulence. As a result, faster-moving aircraft produce more intense vortices.

Weight is also a critical element. Heavier aircraft produce stronger wake turbulence due to the greater lift required to support that weight. The vortices created are more substantial and can persist longer in the atmosphere compared to those from lighter planes.

Consideration of these factors is vital for maintaining safe separation between aircraft during takeoff, landing, and flight in general, as wake turbulence can create hazardous conditions for following or nearby aircraft.