How do wake turbulence vortices typically behave?

Wake turbulence vortices are caused by the passage of an aircraft through the air and primarily originate from the wingtips of the aircraft. As these vortices form, they exhibit a characteristic behavior: they descend at a rate of about 400-500 feet per minute. This descending motion is a result of the instability in the airflow created by the aircraft. The vortices initially drop down and spread out, which can create significant hazards for smaller aircraft following behind larger ones, particularly during takeoff and landing phases.

Understanding the descent rate of wake turbulence is crucial for pilots, especially when it comes to ensuring safe separation distances from larger aircraft. The rapid descent can cause the vortices to remain dangerously close to the ground for a longer period, posing a risk to other aircraft that may encounter them.

In contrast, other described behaviors such as rapidly ascending or hovering are not accurate descriptions of how wake turbulence typically behaves. Likewise, the notion that these vortices dissipate instantly is not in keeping with their actual persistence in the atmosphere, as they can linger for some time depending on environmental conditions. Thus, recognizing the correct behavior of wake turbulence is essential for pilots to maintain safety and avoid adverse encounters.